The Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem

The Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem In the mid-eleventh century, a Benedictine monastery was set up in Jerusalem by vendors from Amalfi. Around 30 years after the fact, a medical clinic was established close to the nunnery to think about debilitated and poor explorers. After the achievement of the First Crusadeâ in 1099, Brother Gerard (or Gerald), the emergency clinics predominant, extended the medical clinic and set up extra emergency clinics along the course to the Holy Land. On February 15, 1113, the request was officially named the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem and perceived in an ecclesiastical bull gave by Pope Paschal II. The Knights Hospitaller were otherwise called Hospitalers, the Order of Malta, the Knights of Malta. From 1113 to 1309 they were known as the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem; from 1309 to 1522 they passed by the Order of the Knights of Rhodes; from 1530 to 1798 they were the Sovereign and Military Order of the Knights of Malta; from 1834 to 1961 they were the Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem; and from 1961 to the current they are officially known as the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta. Hospitaller Knights In 1120, Raymond de Puy (a.k.a. Raymond of Provence) succeeded Gerard as pioneer of the request. He supplanted the Benedictine Rule with the Augustinian Rule and effectively started to develop the requests influence base, helping the association to secure grounds and riches. Potentially motivated by the Templars, the Hospitallers started to wage war so as to ensure travelers just as tend their diseases and wounds. Hospitaller Knights were still priests and kept on following their pledges of individual neediness, compliance, and chastity. The request additionally included clerics and siblings who didn't wage war. Migrations of the Hospitallers The moving fortunes of the western Crusaders would likewise influence the Hospitallers. In 1187, when Saladin caught Jerusalem, the Hospitaller Knights moved their central station to Margat, at that point to Acre ten years after the fact. With the fall of Acre in 1291 they moved to Limassol in Cyprus. The Knights of Rhodes In 1309 the Hospitallers procured the island of Rhodes. The excellent ace of the request, who was chosen forever (whenever affirmed by the pope), managed Rhodes as an autonomous state, printing coins and practicing different privileges of sway. At the point when the Knights of the Temple were scattered, some enduring Templars joined the positions at Rhodes. The knights were currently more warrior than hospitaller, however they stayed an ascetic fellowship. Their exercises included maritime fighting; they outfitted ships and set off after Muslim privateers, and delivered retribution on Turkish vendors with robbery of their own. The Knights of Malta In 1522 the Hospitaller control of Rhodes reached a conclusion with a six-month attack by Turkish pioneer Suleyman the Magnificent. The Knights yielded on January 1, 1523, and left the island with those residents who decided to go with them. The Hospitallers were without a base until 1530, when Holy Roman ruler Charles V organized them to possess the Maltese archipelago. Their essence was restrictive; the most striking understanding was the introduction of a hawk to the rulers emissary of Sicily consistently. In 1565, thousand ace Jean Parisot de la Valette displayed great initiative when he halted Suleyman the Magnificent from dislodging the Knights from their Maltese central station. After six years, in 1571, a consolidated armada of the Knights of Malta and a few European powers practically crushed the Turkish naval force at the Battle of Lepanto. The Knights manufactured another capital of Malta out of appreciation for la Valette, which they named Valetta, where they developed great protections and a clinic that pulled in patients from a long ways past Malta. The Last Relocation of the Knights Hospitaller The Hospitallers had come back to their unique reason. Throughout the hundreds of years they step by step surrendered fighting for clinical consideration and regional organization. At that point, in 1798, they lost Maltaâ when Napoleonâ occupied the island while in transit to Egypt. For a brief timeframe they returned under the sponsorship of the Treaty of Amiens (1802), however when the 1814 Treaty of Paris gave the archipelago to Britain, the Hospitallers left again. They finally settled for all time in Rome in 1834. Enrollment of the Knights Hospitaller In spite of the fact that honorability was not required to join the ascetic request, it was required to be a Hospitaller Knight. As time went on this prerequisite developed progressively exacting, from demonstrating honorability of the two guardians to that of all grandparents for four ages. An assortment of gallant groupings developed to oblige lesser knights and the individuals who surrendered their promises to wed, yet stayed associated with the request. Today, just Roman Catholics may become Hospitallers, and the administering knights must demonstrate the respectability of their four grandparents for two centuries. The Hospitallers Today After 1805 the request was driven by lieutenants until the workplace of Grand Master was reestablished by Pope Leo XIII in 1879. In 1961 another constitution was embraced in which the requests strict and the sovereign status was accurately characterized. In spite of the fact that the request no longer administers any region, it issues international IDs, and it is perceived as a sovereign country by the Vatican and some Catholic European countries.

Slips Of Fate -the Lottery Essay -- essays research papers

Slips of Fate In the short story 'The Lottery'; by Shirley Jackson, the creator utilizes incongruity to develop a topic of conventions that proceed despite the fact that they are over the top and uncouth. 'Like a sheep to butcher'; strikes a chord for both the characters in this story and the peruser. The characters are regarding a custom that is passed on to them from previous ages. The peruser is driven through the apparently typical and interesting little town, and is taken on a ride of amusing ghastliness as they gradually handle the possible destiny of one occupant of the town. The title 'The Lottery'; suggests a challenge with a champ or some likeness thereof, similar to a sweepstakes. When truly the victor is really the failure or individual that will pass on by stoning. The town, by all appearances, is by all accounts a typical and standard spot with its occupants meeting in a square with celebration like aims. In any case, the locals know completely that when the drawing is more than, one individual in the network will bite the dust. In any case, it is custom. The air is easygoing yet on edge. Tessie Hutchinson shows up later than expected in light of the fact that she 'clean overlooked'; what day it is. It appears to be difficult to the peruser that anybody would overlook a day like lottery day. Her lingering is sensible yet her reason is faltering. Mrs. Dunbar reveals to her child, 'I wish they'd rush.'; Her nervousness appears to be because of fear. She needs the feared hour completely finished with. Be that as it may, Mr. Summers expresses 'We shoul d complete rapidly.'; as though there are other increasingly significant undertakings that ...

How to Discuss Your Management Style in an Interview

How to Discuss Your Management Style in an Interview You are confidently seated in the interview room, and everything is going well. You had prepared well for the interview, and no question has fazed you so far. You are answering them all without breaking a sweat.After a brief lull in the conversation, one of the panelists clears his throat and asks you, “So, tell us, what’s your management style?” This question catches you completely off guard. Damn! Why did you not think about this question when preparing for the interview? But how could you, when the position you are interviewing for is not even a managerial position?Interviews are very unpredictable. It is important to be ready for every curve ball the interviewers throw at you, including the question about your management style.# This is especially important if you are interviewing for a role that requires you to manage other employees or perform any other supervisory duties.Even if you are not interviewing for a managerial position, it is good to know how to talk about your management style. It is a common interview question, which means there is a chance it might get asked regardless of the position you are interviewing for.Typically, employers want to hire employees with leadership skills, even if they are not hiring them for a leadership position. Maybe the position you are interviewing for has opportunities for advancement into leadership roles, and they don’t want to have to find someone else to take that role a few years down the line.Or maybe they just want to know that the person they are hiring can step up and take charge of situations when necessary, even if they are not in a leadership position. By asking this question, the employer wants to know if you can lead, how you lead, and most importantly, how comfortable you are as a leader. It is a behavioral question whose aim is to try to find out how you would act in a certain situation.For many people, this is a difficult question to answer because it requires you to explain how you would e xercise your power over others. If you make yourself sound too grandiose, you might come across as a boastful and narcissistic person, which is unlikely to improve your chances of getting hired. On the other hand, if you make yourself sound too humble, you might be seen as an ineffective manager. The key is to present yourself as a leader who can get things done and is right for the overall wellbeing of the team.Before we get into the steps on how to discuss your management style in an interview, I want to first issue a disclaimer. When this question comes up in an interview, under no circumstances should you say that you have never held a managerial role. It does not matter if you have actually never held a managerial position in your career. Think of any situation where you had to make use of your leadership skills, no matter how briefly.This could be a leadership role you held in school, on a sports team, in your private life, or anywhere else. Find something, no matter what. Jus t don’t say that you have zero experience as a leader, unless you don’t want the job. In which case, you shouldn’t even be at the interview in the first place.With that out of the way, let’s now take a look at the steps you need to follow to discuss your management style in an interview. STEP ONE: DEFINE GOOD MANAGEMENTThere are many different management styles, some of which might be good or bad, depending on the situation. Since you cannot be sure what the interviewers consider to be a good management style, the first step is to define what good management is to you.Describing what good management means to you puts the interviewers on the same page with you and gives them parameters by which to evaluate any information you provide going forward. To make it easier for you to describe what you consider to be good management, let’s take a look at the 6 common management styles.Autocratic or Directive Management StyleAlso referred to as autocratic or coercive management styl e, this is a type of management where the manager is the sole authority. It is a dictatorial style of management where the manager makes decisions with little input from his subordinates. The manager expects immediate and total obedience from his juniors. Employees are controlled and motivated through threats and fear of punishment.Each employee is given clear expectations on what they need to do and strict instructions on how to do it. Employees are given little autonomy and room to express themselves, and the management is not interested in getting feedback from employees. The management keeps a close eye on employees and what they are doing at all times.Autocratic management is very useful when decisions need to be made quickly, such as in times of crisis. Since only one person’s preferences are considered, there is less wastage of time deliberating several options and decisions are therefore faster. Autocratic management can seem like a good management style if the manager mak es the right decisions. This management style has a number of disadvantages, however.Since ideas come from only one person, this system does not promote the emergence of new and innovative ideas. Due to limited autonomy for subordinates and little ownership of decisions, there is no room for employee buy-in. Because of this, autocratic management can easily drive away employees.There is also little room for employees to learn and develop.Since there is no feedback, opportunities for improvements are not easily spotted, and the management’s ideas might continue being implemented even when they are not the most appropriate. Autocratic management is not very effective in the long term, and should only be used in times of crisis.Authoritative Management StyleThis is a visionary style of management that is perceived to be a great option in many situations. With this style of management, the role of the manager is to set a vision for the team and provide them with a roadmap on how to ac hieve the vision.Once the vision is clear to the team, the manager then takes a hands-off approach, allowing the employees to work on their own to achieve the vision. The manager does not micromanage employees. They are given the autonomy to make their own decisions as long as they are in line with the vision.The manager only steps in from time to time to give some input and ensure that all efforts are geared towards the vision. To control employees, the manager uses persuasion and feedback on job performance.Since employees are given autonomy over their work, there is a sense of freedom that allows employees to strategize and come up with new, innovative ways of doing things. Provision of feedback allows employees to be constantly aware of their performance and makes it easier for them to learn.This management style also ensures that there is a clear goal that the team is working towards. Since employees’ performance is recognized and praised, it creates a sense of pride and high self-esteem among employees.Unfortunately, since it is pretty hands-off, this management style can lead to some employees becoming complacent. It is also not a good option when employees are undertrained or new to the job, since they might need some guidance.Affiliative Management StyleWith this style of management, the manager places more focus on the employees than the tasks that need to be completed. The main objective of such a manager is to avoid conflicts at the workplace and ensure that there are good personal and professional relationships, both among the employees and between employees and management. The manager wants everyone to be happy so that they can focus on their work without any interferences caused by bad blood.Since the focus is on the employees rather than the tasks, this style of management is very flexible and can be used simultaneously with other management styles. In addition, employees are not subjected to a lot of pressure, and there is a high sense of se lf-esteem and self-worth. Unfortunately, the lack of focus on performance can lead to complacency, mediocrity and non-performance. Performance oriented employees might also become demotivated.This style of management is best suited for situations where a sense of camaraderie is required, or situations where tasks are routine and there is no need for high levels of performance. Affiliative style of management is not very useful in times of crisis or in situations where high levels of performance are required.Participative Management StyleAlso referred to as democratic management style, this is a management style where subordinates are given the chance to participate in decision making. Just like in a political democracy, majority of decisions are made through consensus.The manager gives every employee the chance to voice their opinions and allows employees to vote for the best decisions. Due to its participative nature, this style of management creates harmony and cohesion among empl oyees and encourages cooperation. It also boosts team morale and creates a sense of self-worth among employees, since they know that their opinions are important. This style of management also takes the burden of decision making from the shoulders of the manager.Participative style of management can however be slow and inefficient at times, since the opinions of multiple people have to be shared and considered. It also requires close supervision from the manager. This style of management is best suited for situations where creative and innovative ways of doing things are needed, or situations where there is no clear way forward.It also requires subordinates who are experienced in their work, since they can give constructive inputs. Due to its slow speed, this management style should be avoided in times of crisis.Pacesetting Management StyleLike the name suggests, this style of management requires the manager to set the pace and standard at which tasks should be done. The manager use s himself as an example, showing subordinates how things should be done before handing them over to the subordinates.By using themselves as examples, they set a high standard of excellence for the team to follow. This also motivates employees to give their best in their assignments since they want to prove that they are up to the task. In case employees cannot match up to the standard, the task gets reassigned to another employee who is better suited to handling it.While it is a good management task where the employees are qualified and competent, it can put too much pressure on new employees or become too exhausting where the pace is too fast. Because of this, this management style is best suited for situations where the employees are highly motivated and highly skilled. The manager also needs to be an expert in that area. It should be avoided if employees need guidance and coaching in order to perform effectively in their roles.Coaching Management StyleWith this style of managemen t, the manager is invested in the long term professional development of his subordinates and therefore provides a lot of coaching and mentoring. The manager continually encourages employees to develop their strengths and work on their weaknesses, and provides them with opportunities for growth and development. For this to happen, the manager needs to be an expert in their field, else it might not be possible for them to coach and mentor subordinates.Due to the mentor-trainee bond, this style of management creates a strong relationship between employees and the management and has low turnover. It also leads to improved performance since employees are constantly learning.This style of management is great for new employees and situations where employees are highly motivated and have a strong desire for professional development. It should be avoided in times of crisis and in situations where the manager does not have enough experience and expertise in the field.The above are the 6 most common styles of management that you can allude to when describing what good management means to you. When defining good management, don’t simply state a management style and leave it at that. Instead, you should describe the management style and explain why you think it is a good management style. It is always good to have researched the company before the interview, since this makes it easier for you to align your definition of good management with what the company’s needs.You should also keep in mind that there is no right or wrong style of management. Different styles work best for different situations. The best thing is to be flexible and incorporate different aspects of different management styles. This shows that you have no trouble adapting your management style to the situation at hand. Below is an example of how to define good management to the interviewing panel.“For me, being a good manager is about making it very clear to the team what goals we are working towards and then leaving them to work independently, without the need to constantly micromanage them. At the same time, a good manager should step in from time to time to check the progress of the team and provide any necessary feedback to ensure the team remains on course. A good manager should also give everyone the chance to provide their input and make sure everyone gets heard. These are the main things I try to adhere to as a manager.”This answer does not directly mention any of the common management styles, yet it makes it clear to the interviewers that you use authoritative and participative methods in your management style.STEP TWO: SHOWCASE YOUR UNIQUE ATTRIBUTESYou have already defined good management and shared a story that highlights how you incorporate the traits of good management into your style. Great! But if you want to really set yourself apart, impress the hiring manager and increase your chances of getting hired, you need to go a step further and show what makes you a great manager. Mention an additional leadership skill that makes you an even better manager.Doing this is easy. You simply need to mention another attribute that you left out while defining what makes a good manager. For instance, since you had mentioned that being a good manager is about giving subordinates the autonomy to work on their own, checking their progress and giving feedback, and ensuring that everyone’s opinion gets heard, you can mention that on top of these three things, you also take the time to train, guide and coach your subordinates where necessary.Interviews are highly competitive, and adding such a unique trait gives you an edge over other candidates. Of course, don’t mention a trait just for the sake of it. You should make sure that you possess the mentioned unique trait and should be ready to back it up if necessary. Below is an example of how to showcase your unique attributes.“What makes me unique is that on top of giving my subordinates the autonomy t o work on their own, regularly checking their progress and giving my feedback, and ensuring that everyone’s opinion gets heard, I also go out of my way to ensure that everyone does their job to the best of their ability. If I realize that one of my team members is having trouble with something, I guide and coach them to ensure that they are well versed with what they need to do and that they won’t have experience further trouble in case they need to do the same thing again.”STEP THREE: SHARE A STORY TO ILLUSTRATE YOUR MANAGEMENT STYLEAt the start of this article, I mentioned that the question “what is your management style?” is a behavioral question. Since behavioral questions try to determine what you would do in a certain situation, they are best answered by providing an example of a time when you actually handled such a situation. This applies to our question about management styles as well.Having defined what you consider to be the attributes of a good manager, and the attribute that makes you unique, you now need to share a story from your past that highlights how you incorporate those attributes in your management style. You don’t need to share a very long story.A simple story that showcases your management style will do. By sharing a personal, real-life story, you show that the attributes you mentioned are not mere ideals that you came up with from nowhere. The story acts as evidence that you actually apply these attributes when you are given a managerial or supervisory role. Below is an example of how to share a story highlighting your management style:“I remember this one time at my previous position when our team was supposed to get started on a project for a new client we had just signed up. Our team leader was supposed to give us a brief of the project, but unfortunately, her young son was admitted to hospital, and she could not make it to work for a week. The new project was supposed to be done in two weeks’ time. Knowing the impor tance of the project, I knew we couldn’t afford to wait for her to get back, so I stepped up as the acting team leader. After coordinating with our team leader to understand the scope of the project, I shared the requirements of the project with my teammates and made sure everyone understood what needed to be done. I had each member choose the task they wanted to work on, and assigned myself a task as well. On top of that, I checked in with each member of the team over the course of the week to ensure that everything was running smoothly. I also took the time to guide members of the team who were having some trouble with their assigned tasks. By the time our team leader got back, the project was nearing completion. We completed the project successfully and on time, without any hiccups.”WRAPPING UPBeing asked to discuss your management can catch you off guard and throw you into a panic, and therefore, it’s good to prepare for this question, even if you are not interviewing for a management position. The good thing is that there is no need to panic.With the three steps described in this article, you can confidently come up with a great answer to the question, impress the interviewers and snag the job of your dreams. Simply define what good management means to you, add a unique spin to set yourself apart and show why you are a great manager and then share a personal story about a situation where you displayed the qualities you just described. That’s it!Don’t let this question faze you again. Step out there and confidently showcase your leadership skills.

Defining the Concept of Self Essay - 1189 Words

Who am I? There are many of us walking around trying to figure out who we are and what we stand for. Self-reflection can be conveyed in many different ways, using many different adjectives to describe the person we are. There are some who will give an honest description of one’s self and then there is some who become delusional with the perception they want others to see. Most people on social sites create a profile which can be so far from whom they really are, it is usually a perception of who they want to be. This paper will define the self, the concept of the self, the functions of the self, the core motives of the self, and how the core motives of the self relates to survival. The definition of the self can have a variety of†¦show more content†¦The inner self displays characteristics of emotions, beliefs, and who we are and what we are made of. The inner self is a reflection of how the self relates to the society and the way one expresses concern for specific issues. The interpersonal self is a connection one develops between two parties. The interpersonal self is a unique description of who we are and who or what we want to become. The self will choose a career path built on the personality of the self. The interpersonal self is a defined description of who people perceive to be and become. The self-perception of how someone previews themselves is determined by self-concept, self-esteem, and self-presentation. Self –concept is a cognitive component of one’s self. It helps to define the intellectual focus and beliefs of the self. Self-concepts consists of one’s self schema, which is a combination of self-esteem, self-knowledge, and the social self which creates a formation of one’s completed wholesome self. The outlook of one’s self schema is a representation of who the person is and what they want to become. Self-schema gives a general idea the person’s past, present, and their future. 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Sociocultural Theory Essay - 1633 Words

Within each culture and community there are different standards of beauty. These standards of beauty shape the way individuals see the world, others around them, and themselves. Though some beauty standards, such as physical appearance have been sustained. Through the lens of sociocultural theory, I will analyze how body dysmorphia has influenced three generations of women within my family. To aide my analysis, I will define and employ terms such as sociocultural theory, body image, and body dysmorphia to connect my family’s historical roots to body image and how it relates to their current perceptions and behaviors. Finally, I will utilize my grandmother’s, mother’s, and sister’s personal accounts of how body image was communicated to†¦show more content†¦This disorder affects men and women equally, and though the causes are not clearly understood, are thought to involve neurobiological and psychosocial factors. 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By the time Vygotsky turned 18, he wrote and published his first essay entitled â€Å"Hamlet†. Although he had a love for philosophy, history, and literature, in 1913 Vygotsky enrolled at the University of Moscow as a medical studen t. It didn’t take long for him to realize the medical field wasn’t his calling, so he transferredRead MoreSociocultural Theory in Early Childhood Development Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesSociocultural is defined as relating to, or involving a combination of social (relating to human society) and cultural (taste in art and manners that are favored by a social group) factors.† (Socialcultural , 2010) You might ask why we are defining these words. It gives a better understanding of Vygotsky beliefs â€Å"that children seek out adults for interaction, beginning at birth, and that development occurs through these interactions.† (Morrison, 2009 sec 14.6) I agree that his theory is the bestRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Second Language Learning902 Words   |  4 PagesSociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning â€Å"Language is the most pervasive and powerful cultural artefact that humans possess to mediate their connection to the world, to each other, and to themselves† [Lantolf Thorne 2006:201]. The idea of mediation inherent in this notion of the language is a fundamental element of Sociocultural Theory [SCT], one of the most influential approach to learning and mental development since 1990s’, drawing on its origin from the work of soviet psychologistRead MoreSociocultural Approaches And The Construction Of Knowledge1650 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Sociocultural approaches emphasize the interdependence and individual processes in the construction of knowledge†.(John-Steiner,V and Mahn,H 1996).The real understanding of constructivism is only paying much attention on the learners’ previous experience and background knowledge .It maintains that individuals create or construct their own new understandings or knowledge through the interaction of what they alre ady believe and the ideas,events,and activities with which they come into contact.(FacultyRead MorePsychological Perspectives On Mental Health Disorders1728 Words   |  7 Pagesof the psychological perspectives are very different while others are similar and seem to overlap, it is important to note that there isn’t simply one correct perspective and that each of the perspectives has their strengths and weaknesses. 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Learned Skills in Written Communication Class Free Essays

1) One of my favorite parts of this class was the confusing words. I loved to be able to look them up and discover which words meant what. This skill will help me along the way of my career because I learned that when I am unsure about something I can look it up and not feel bad that I do not know the meaning because our English language is very confusing. We will write a custom essay sample on Learned Skills in Written Communication Class or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2) I also learned how to properly write letters and emails in business settings. I will keep a copy of the samples so I know how much white space goes where. I also learned that I need to use black or blue ink and it has to be professional blue or black. 3) I am also really interested in learning more about business etiquette in different regions. I was very impressed with the different ways that different countries used the hand shake. I was also intrigued with the fact that women are allowed in business but in some countries they have to still be ‘under’ men. 4) The ‘you’ view was an interesting section to me as well because I never would have realized the difference in the views. The ‘you’ view is so much nicer to explain something to someone it makes them feel important and like they mean something to the person writing to them. 5) The other skill I learned and am continuing to learn is editing. I like the bookmark that shows me how to correctly mark what is incorrect. I am getting better at finding what words are placed wrong and the misspelled words but and still struggling with how the prepositional phrases work. 6) I think the most difficult part of written communication for me was the editing which is why I am stating that I am still learning it. I am trying to figure out what words belong where and where to place commas or other marks. 7) I believe the easiest part for me was the confusing words. I felt this was the easiest because I really like to look up what I do not know. I am always in the mood to learn new words and always love to teach my children new and bigger words. I get a kick out of the fact my ten year old walks around telling people she loves to read the Amelia Bedilia books because there are so many idioms in them. 8) Two future uses I believe I will use are the confusing words. That I will use so I can remember to look up what I do not know and not feel bad that I have to look anything up. The second thing I believe I will use is the lists I was very interested on learning these; I believe I will use them in school and in work. I will be making proposals and writing letters to people that will need to explain things with lists. How to cite Learned Skills in Written Communication Class, Essay examples

Leading Organizational Change for Walmart- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLeading Organizational Change for Walmart. Answer: Introduction The aim of this task is to provide a personal review and reflection of leading and managing change in an organization. The reflective essay will give a self-evaluation about my learning experiences during my attachment that I had with Walmart company on how this experience helped and will help me in my future personal and professional development as a project manager (Kampf, 2007). What Happened During my Attachment Programme at Walmart My attachment at Walmart made me learn and gain diverse knowledge that has to build my professional platform and basis for growth. I learned the right skills of change management individually and for the other people whom I worked and would work with in future. What enticed me most was the approaches and policies used by the company in establishing a conducive work environment for its employees (Swanson Tomkovick, 2012). I was surprised to see how the management valued our input to the companys success in the retail sector. In the events of market shortages, the management could trust us who were doing our attachment by considering our ideas on how to come up with new change mechanisms to broaden the market (Bolden, 2011). My interaction with students from other universities who were also doing an attachment with Walmart made me learn how to appreciate diversity in the workplace by considering everyone's idea as equally the same to mine. Earlier before joining my attachment program, I only knew leadership and management theories as just theories whose application could seem difficult. However, I was very surprised to find that Walmart strictly leads and manages all the firm's operations about the management theories practically. The most used theories included contingency approach, trait theory, theory X and theory Y, and situational theories (Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2015). There was a lot of teamwork since this one was highly emphasized by the management of the company. All assigned activity were done into groups whereby group leaders would record the achievements of the team and compile a report to the manager. In our team, we shared and rotated team leadership responsibilities and adopted open-ended discussions whereby each one's ideas was valued as important in problem-solving (Gupta Malik, 2012). Teamwork was based on trait theory that each internee had unique and different skills and abilities from the others. At the same time, our teamwork brought about creativity and innovation of new project management ideas whose implementation resulted in a positive productivity change. The creating of new management information systems of measuring change management impact was also contributed to by diversity in the groups formed (Hayes, 2014). Our teams were driven by a desire to bring in change and achieve reasonable results. I learned that contingency theory is real in practice since the integration of different ideas leads to creativeness. Before joining the attachment program, my perception on project management was limited to class work. However, this interaction with a diverse workforce from other fields during my attachment at Walmart changed my mindset and made me realize that project management entails all departments of the organization. This was a proper justification of trait theory of leadership and its importance to the firms. Walmart took us to the workshop, benchmarking, and conference events where we were trained on new leading and change management policies by experts. These training opportunities gave me the chance to benchmark with other interns from other companies such as Target and Woolworths that operate in the retail sector in Australia (Perlin, 2012). This interaction was essential to my professional growth and personal excellence for I networked and created linkages with my potential employers. Events Interpretation Working with people from diverse cultures helped me learn how to manage change in myself as well as others. There was a significant impact on my personality and change towards how I perceived humanistic in the workplace. I enjoyed how we shared ideas for it is from this experience that I understood different people view issues differently (Perlin, 2012). It was important for my professional base since I learned the importance of appreciating others ideas and tolerating peoples weaknesses while in the workplace. There was a significant correspondence of behavioral approach while leading people from the experience I gained from this event. The cognitive approach to leading and change management was also made a sound to my professional prospect while at Walmart. I learned that not everyone welcomes change management in an organization by realizing how change can always be made attractive to people in the workplace (Oliver Yu, 2017). The opportunity to attend workshops, seminars and conferences made a paramount impact in my professional ambitions and goals as a project manager. I realized that every firm values personality and change and that humanistic psychology approach was critical to management change success. Further, the workshops and benchmarking programs were relevant to my professional life. I learned that benchmarking events offer interns with the opportunity to network with potential employers. The aspect by managers to consider our ideas made me realize that learning is a continuous process and that learning models such as behavioral, psychodynamic, and cognitive approaches help professionals to understand their personal changes. The interaction with diverse people during my attachment period at Walmart made me know that people have different needs. It was important for me to know that what I was doing was in respect to Maslow's hierarchy of requirements under the lowest need level of physiological needs (Oliver Yu, 2017). The desire by the top managers to achieve proved to me that everyone seeks for advancement opportunities, creativity, growth, and autonomy as in the highest level of self-actualization. Usefulness of the Experience The experience gained during my attachment with Walmart company has been useful to my professional and personal life. I learned change management and leadership skills which have been beneficial to my life. The attachment program has been critical on how I interpret different firms methods of change management, reasons why they did so, and what outcome these companies can reap from their decisions (DuBrin, 2013). I gained self-analytical skills and capabilities something which gives me an edge when making critical life decisions and gives me intellectual empathy on other people. The learning process at Walmart has been impactive to my professional life as a waiting project manager. I learned the importance of roles distribution among the workforce as well as grouping project teams based on cultural diversity and professional diversity. This experience has helped me acknowledge the importance of tolerance and accurate conflict resolution measures in an organization given that conflicts arise (Oliver Yu, 2017). The opportunity to lead my team made me learn and gain critical leadership and change management skills that would help me in future in my profession. Another most beneficial impact of my experience at Walmart was the opportunity to gain work experience something which was key to my professional resume. I upgraded my CV, and this gave me an edge over other job seekers who have not had any experience in their field of expertise. Currently, I know my work strengths and weaknesses from experience gained during my attachment at Walmart (Meredith Belbin, 2011). Throughout the activity, I learned I was a poor time keeper, and this made me revise my time management skills and become a good time keeper for prospects in the industry. Information Use Plan When I become a manager, I want to be a motivator of interns as well as other employees in the workplace. First, I will value their reports on change management ideas while implementing changes within the workplace. Second, I would compensate all interns to motivate them to improve productivity. This is because I have learned that human factor and motivation go hand in hand when success is to be realized. I would actively bring managerial theories of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Hawthorne effect, and Expectancy theories to place (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). This is from the experience I gained that people productivity is determined by the level of motivation and reward by the management. The experience at Walmart made me an excellent project manager to be in future. On completion of my studies as a project manager student, I would use the updated CV to search for jobs in the market. Professionally, I feel secure enough to express myself and give my ideas and opinions regarding certain managerial issues in the workplace and at the same time recommend the right solutions to address them (DuBrin, 2013). Since the workshop programs gave me opportunities to network and created linkages with employers in other firms, I would conduct them when seeking for jobs. Given my observation on the significances of workplace diversity, I would value working with workers from diverse cultures on becoming a project manager. I would apply great man theories in the assessment of candidates behavior, traits, and influence to the success of the firm (Bush, 2007). My optimism of becoming a company project manager gives me the belief of investing resources in the development of those people in the attachment program for I found this beneficial to my personal and professional life. Conclusion In conclusion, efficient use of management concepts by companies leads to success. The attendance of attachment programs by students equips them with the right skills, knowledge, and experiences of how to apply management and leadership theories to real practice. Change management in the workplace brings organizational success in the industry. References Bolden, R. (2011). Distributed leadership in organizations: A review of theory and research.International Journal of Management Reviews,13(3), 251-269. Bush, T. (2007). Educational leadership and management: theory, policy, and practice.South African journal of education,27(3), 391-406. Clegg, S. R., Kornberger, M., Pitsis, T. (2015).Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. DuBrin, A. J. (2013).Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Gupta, R., Malik, P. (2012). FDI in Indian Retail Sector: Analysis of competition in Agri- food sector.Internship Project Report, Competition Commission of India. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Kampf, C. (2007). Corporate social responsibility: WalMart, Maersk and the cultural bounds of representation in corporate web sites.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,12(1), 41-57. Meredith Belbin, R. (2011). Management Teams: Why they succeed or fail.Human Resource Management International Digest,19(3). Oliver, D., Yu, S. (2017). The Australian labor market in 2016.Journal of Industrial Relations, 0022185617693875. Perlin, R. (2012).Intern Nation: How to earn nothing and learn little in the brave new economy. Verso Books. Swanson, S. R., Tomkovick, C. (2012). Marketing internships: How values and search strategies differ across the student-employer dyad.Marketing Education Review,22(3), 251-262.

How Not To Be A Roommate

Being a freshman on campus can be quite terrifying. Youve just moved to brand new place, and you dont know anyone - thats why your freshman roommate is so important. Sooner or later, you branch out and room with your best friends, but sometimes it doesnt work out the way you want it to. members know better anyone:From our office intern, Sylvia: I think I had it lucky compared to most other college students who have way worse stories. But, something that comes to mind repeatedly when thinking about my worst college roommate experience was in my 3rd year at USF. I had just moved out of the dorm and into an apartment two blocks away from school with 3 of my friends. We were finally â€Å"real† adults, no more cafà © points to rely on and no one to wash our dirty dishes. To a lightweight germ-o-phobe like me, it turned into a nightmare. Two of my housemates bought groceries or take out every week but never finished them and left everything to mold in the fridge, for weeks or months. When it came time to clean the fridge out at the end of the year, I found food that expired seven months ago and food that I wasn’t sure if it was originally meat, rice, or mushed blueberries. My other housemate never cleaned the dishes properly, leaving bits of dried food on the dishes in the cupboard. Once, I even found a piece of r aw meat, on the floor. From our beautiful in-office designer, Julia: Sophomore year at UCSB, my roommate was a girl I lived with in the freshman dorms. We chose to share a studio apartment, just the two of us in one big bedroom with a kitchen and a bathroom. Our issues started early on - she didnt take out the trash, vacuum, sweep, or wipe the counters a single time that year! I had no idea she was such a messy lady - when we lived together in the dorms, our room was always cleaned by university staff. Shed often eat my food without asking. I only really had the guts to confront her once, when she demolished an entire jar of peanut butter Id just purchased that week. When I asked her about it, she offered to trade me a handful of miniature peanut butter cups in exchange. (While not an adequate refund, this was certainly a sweet attempt at civility.) She also had an odd habit of leaving seemingly random objects around the apartment. Id come home to find a large granite rock in the middle of the bedroom, a broken bicycle in our kitchen, a cheese grater on her bed. I repeat, she left our only cheese grater lying on her bed for several days. What strange activity could lead her to forget it there, I dont want to imagine. Needless to say, when our lease ended we went our separate ways. Lesson to freshman seeking roommates: Before choosing to live with someone, really be thorough in making sure they dont have some kind of cheese fetish. From one of our co-founders, Lydia: I lived in the Phi Mu sorority house my sophomore year at Johns Hopkins. In general, it was a great group of girls and you couldnt beat the location. But 20 girls under one roof was intense to say the least. One housemate was particularly territorial and passive aggressive. She hated when guests used our first floor bathroom and lounge. She covered every room with poster board signs. ATTENTION:It is not acceptable to use the bathroom that is not on the floor of your own room. This escalated to many other things she wanted to bring our â€Å"attention† to, and eventually, we had to put up signs of our own saying, â€Å"ATTENTION: These signs are not acceptable.† From our other co-founder, Stephanie: I moved in with a gay designer post-Duke. We got along really well and I thought he would be a drama-free roommate to have. That is, until he started to hit on me. Turns out he wasnt gay. Whether you’re just starting your search or you’re looking for help applying, it’s never too early to make the college application process easier.Searchto find students like you orcontact a mentorfor help with the admissions process so you can narrow down your choices and get a head start.

To whoose homecoming does the play refer essays

To whoose homecoming does the play refer essays To Whose Homecoming Does The Play Refer? In the play The Homecoming by Harold Pinter, a family deals with the unexpected return of the eldest son and his wife, Ruth, on a visit from America. The rest of the family were unaware that Teddy had taken a wife. The arrival had a profound effect on each member of the family who are an unusual group consisting of an aging father, his two sons and his younger brother. Because of this unexpected event we see the intricacies of the relationships of the family and how these develop and change. The homecoming does not necessarily bring about change in a good way if viewed as a whole. If certain characters are looked at individually though, we see many things that happen are positive for that person. The play would seem to centre around Teddy as he was the one returning home to his family. In fact, the attention is focused on Ruth. Maxs first reaction to her is abusive and he immediately calls Ruth a tart: Weve had a stinking pox-ridden slut in my house all night. This shows us how Max views women as he has never even set eyes on Ruth before this meeting. His words do not shock anyone and appear to be perfectly acceptable and normal. Even Teddy does not seem to surprised about this and although he does protest he is not particularly forceful. He seems to realise that there is no point in arguing with his father as he would not listen and I suspect that Teddy is used to his fathers ignorance and anti-female words. Ruth also does not try to defend herself or get upset. She is totally calm and surveys the scene silently with the same confidence she had expressed with Lenny the night before. From the very beginning of the play we are given an idea of their attitude to women. We learn that there is no woman in the household because Maxs wife Jessie had died. It later becomes clear that Lenny is a pimp and owns flats in whic...

Style or Setting on A Cask of Amontillado Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Style or Setting on A Cask of Amontillado - Essay Example As Susan Amper maintains, â€Å"a chilling plot weaves themes tied to character, setting, and a haunting narrative voice†¦ The themes are bound up in the setting.† (Amper, 185) Significantly, the interplay of various themes and the setting of the story makes the major contribution to the success of the story as the finest tale by Edgar Allan Poe. In a reflective exploration of the setting of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, it becomes lucid that the storywriter has been effective in creating a setting which best suits to the overall themes and mood of the story. It is important to recognize that a great deal of critical attention has been fallen on the setting of the story, mainly because the author merely gives a vague hint about the exact location and the time of the story. In fact, the setting of the story creates a fitting environment of horror in which the narrator presents his story. Whereas the plot of the story creates an experience of horror in the readers, its setting provides an appropriate atmosphere of horror. In other words, Edgar Allan Poe unfolds the major action of the story in a setting which makes the readers feel the real horror of the plot. â€Å"It was about dusk, one evening during the supreme madness of the carnival season, that I encountered my friend. He accosted me with excessive warmth, for he had been drinking much.† (Poe, 78) Therefore, it becomes evident that author narrates the first part of the story in the background of the carnival season in Italy and this festive setting is contrasted to the setting of the second part of the story which is damp and gloomy catacombs. A comprehensive analysis of the contribution of the setting of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† to the tale as a whole confirms that the particular setting creates the emotional and mental position of the readers and the author narrates the story in this background. Significantly, this setting contributes significantly to the mounting atmosphere of horror as the story unfolds to the readers. Due to this particular setting of the story, the readers are always made to predict and be horrified about the unfolding action in the story, which effectively creates the emotional setting of the plot in the readers’ mind. It is important to note that the second part of the story is set in the dark and gloomy catacombs and this creates an emotional background in the readers. â€Å"On an emotional level, the catacombs contribute to the horror that the tale elicits. In addition, the catacombs by their nature and history contribute to the themes of death, resurrection, religious ritual, and religious persecution.† (Amper, 196) The setting of the catacombs has a central role in the entire action that follows, because it is in this background that the narrator builds up all the tension and horror in the story. Thus, the two main characters of the story reach this place in their way in search of the Amontillado. Sig nificantly, the setting is prepared at the most remote end of the deep crypt, in which the foulness of the air creates horror in the minds of the readers. â€Å"At the most remote end of the crypt there appeared another less spacious. Its walls had been lined with

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 51

Assignment Example The story has it that Israel cabinet voted to grant legal status to some 800 children of migrant workers who have lived in Israel for more than 5 years and can communicate in Hebrew language and have attended school in the state. The writer has also illustrated that the migrant workers have been prohibited from being involved in romantic relationships. Another story in focus by Al Jazeera is the story of injustice in President Obama regime (Al Jazeera, 2010). The USA president who is a former legal practitioner is termed to have no respect for civil liberties. The writer laments that the treatment of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui is symbolic in the minds of Muslims. Her treatment has resulted in the damage of US-Muslim relations as applied to Pakistan than any state department program could undo. Obama is being blamed for delaying justice in this case which is as good as justice denied. Other stories that are making the headlines are the tickets to the gun show in USA whereby anyone interested in purchasing any firearm can get it because guns have been declared legal tender. Also on nuclear energy in Iran, the Arabs are condemning the ambition of the Iranians to be dictated by wisdom and not by emotions and many more other stories are covered under this series. The reflection of the coverage stories of Al Jazeera indicates that the interest lies on the basis of conflict at all levels both locally and

Advantages And Disadvantages Of RFID

Advantages And Disadvantages Of RFID The significant advantage of all types of RFID systems is the noncontact, non-line-of-sight nature of the technology. Unlike a bar code, a large number of RFID tags can be read almost instantaneously through other materials (though some materials may cause problems) and they can be read through plastic, cardboard, wood and etc. Theoretically, this means that you could take a pallet of mixed products, all of which contain individual RFID tags, and have an RFID reader read all the tags within the palletized load without having to physically move any of the materials or open any cases. Thus, inventory can be performed in a highly efficient method. The RFID tags can store data and can also be read in challenging circumstances at remarkable speeds, in most cases responding in less than 100 milliseconds. In interactive applications such as work-in-process or maintenance tracking, the read/write capability of an active RFID system is also a significant advantage. RFID equipment damage occurs much less frequently than is the case with magnetic strips or barcodes. RFID tags are less susceptible to damage and can be read through a variety of substances such as ice, snow, paint, fog, crusted grime, and other visually and environmentally challenging conditions, where barcodes or other optically read technologies would be useless. RFID tags can be sealed within a plastic enclosure eliminating many of the problems that plague bar codes in harsh environments where they are exposed to chemicals, high temperature or moisture, abrasion, dirt and grease buildup, etc. If the implementation provides a significant method to improve business processes, the total cost of ownership should go down over the years and provide a good Return on investment (ROI). Supply chain management forms the major part of retail business and RFID systems play a key role by managing updates of stocks, transportation and logistics of the product. The aim is to reduce administrati ve error, labor costs associated with scanning bar codes, internal theft, errors in shipping goods and overall inventory levels. The combination of all above mentioned advantages will provide quick access to a wealth of information, eliminate human errors, and reduce labour which lead to reduce project activity times and to save project costs. 5.2: Disadvantage of RFID technology Lack of standardization, high costs of implementation, technology deployment risks, and the elimination of unskilled labour are all contributors currently preventing the adoption of new RFID technologies in the construction industry. Cost is the biggest hurdle to RFID tags replacing bar codes for item-level tracking of low-cost products. RFID systems are typically more expensive than alternatives such as barcode systems. In addition, software and support personnel needed to install and operate the RFID reading systems (in a warehouse for example) may be more costly to employ. Liquid and metal surfaces tend to reflect the radio waves, which makes the tags unreadable so, RFID tags cannot be read well when placed on metal or liquid objects or when these objects are between the reader and the tag. The tags have to be placed in various alignments and angles for taking proper reading. This is a tedious task when the work involves big firms. Tag and reader collision are common problems with RFID. Tag collision occurs when numerous tags are present in a confined area. The RFID tag reader energizes multiple tags simultaneously, all of which reflect their signals back to the reader. This result in tag collision, and the RFID reader fails to differentiate between incoming data. RFID reader collision results when the coverage area managed by one RFID reader overlaps with the coverage area of another reader. This causes signal interference and multiple reads of the same tag. RFID standards are still being developed. You dont want to invest in an RFID system that is based on soon-to-be obsolete specs. RFID technology ultimately involves software that allows each user to be identified by a central database. This infrastructure will certainly be under attack by hackers. Water, static discharge or high-powered magnetic surges (such as lightning strike) may damage the tags. With more research, the flaws and limitations of this technology can be removed. This will make RFID technology very useful for diverse sectors like retail, and transport. Developments in RFID technology continue to yield larger memory capacities, wider reading ranges, and faster processing. RFID will continue to grow in its established niches where barcode or other optical technologies are not effective. If some standards commonality is achieved whereby RFID equipment from different manufacturers can be used interchangeably the market will very likely grow exponentially. 6: RFID APPLICATIONS There are various applications of RFID technology in different industries for both logistical traceability for tracking the location and progress of an object, and qualitative traceability for associating any additional information to products (Karkkainen, 2005). Retail, food, defence, pharmaceutical, healthcare, manufacturing and transport are just some of the sectors where RFID has already been extensively applied (Wilding and Delgado 2004, ERABUILD Report 2006, and Smith and Konsynski 2007). Tagging provides asset visibility, identification and positioning, and enables total inventory management. Different sectors require different approaches but a common factor to all is adequately determining a basic unit or unit set for tagging (e.g. pallets, packages, single items, containers, etc.)(Radosavljevic and Dan-Asabe, 2007). Increasingly, retail/CPG and Pharmaceutical companies are looking to use RFID to track goods within their supply chain, to work in process and for other applications. Today, CPG and retail companies are using RFID to track promotional displays, reduce out-of-stocks and improve shipping and receiving accuracy. Manufactures are using RFID to track work-in-process, perfect just-in-time manufacturing, improve shipping accuracy, and manage inventory and warrantee information (RFIDJournal, 2010). Auto manufacturers are among the leading users of RFID technology today. Most cars have an RFID reader in the steering column and a transponder in the key. If the ID in the key doesnt match the number the reader is looking for, the car wont stop. This system has greatly reduced auto theft. Auto companies also use RFID to track work-in-process, perfect just-in-time manufacturing, improve shipping accuracy, and manage inventory and warrantee information (RFIDJournal, 2010). Hospitals and health-care providers are using RFID technology to track patients and high-value assets, as well as ensure patient safety. One company offers a system to track surgical sponges to ensure they are not inadvertently left behind in patients. And many hospitals are now tracking patients to ensure the right patient is given the proper care. These systems tend to reduce the data-entry workload of nurses, and also let them spend more time caring for patients and automate the process of billing. Additionally, hospitals are tracking high-value assets, including gurneys, wheel chairs, oxygen pumps and defibrillators. These systems reduce the time employees spend looking for assets, improve asset utilization and enhance the hospitals ability to performed scheduled maintenance (RFIDJournal, 2010). Pharmaceutical companies are exploring RFIDs potential in many areas, including improving supply-chain efficiencies, complying with government information-collection requirements, reducing counterfeiting; creating electronic pedigrees and ensuring public safety by making sure only legitimate drugs enter the supply chain (RFIDJournal, 2010). Thousands of companies around the world use RFID today to improve internal efficiencies. Club Car, a maker of golf carts uses RFID to improve efficiency on its production line (Jonathan Collins, 2004). Paramount Farms one of the worlds largest suppliers of pistachios uses RFID to manage its harvest more efficiently (Bob Violino, 2004). NYK Logistics uses RFID to improve the throughput of containers at its busy Long Beach, Calif., distribution center (Jennifer Maselli, 2003). http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/839 http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/810 http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/617 http://www.rfidjournal.com Wilding, R. and Delgado, T. (2004). RFID Applications within the Supply Chain. Supply Chain 6(2), 36-49. Smith, H. and Konsynsky, B. (2003). Developments in Practice X: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-An Internet for Physical Objects. Communication Association for Information System, 12, 301-311. Karkkainen, M. (2005). Forwarder Independent Tracking System-Problem Description and Solution Design Proposal. Ph.D. Diss., Dept. of Ind. Eng., Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo.

Monologue About Crimes

What are the most often commited crimes in Lithuania? Which types of crimes are considered the worst? Why? If you were the Minister of Justice, what actions would you take to make people feel safer? What sentences should be given for serious crimes? Nowadays our life isn’t safe. It seems that neither police, nor government can guarantee safety. Statistics shows that violent crimes at present have increased. So no one can live in peace and feel safe even in his own home. There are some of usually commited crimes in Lithuania such as drug trafficking, killing people, theft, alcoholism. All of this commited crimes mostly repeating actions is stealing of wealth. The light-fingered steals all, from flowers of windows to luxurious cars. Talking about vandalism, vandals usually are youngers. They broke small trees, windows and street’s lamps. I think that killing people is the worst type of crimes. Because when you kill people, you take out a life, and a big paint of victim familiar. If I were the Minister of Justice, I would take some actions that people feel more safer. Firstly, the only way to reduce the amount of crime is to give more money to the street lighting, to install closed circuit television, improve security and let more officers on the beat. If we want to protect our property, we must install burglar-alarm to our cars and especially to our homes, or even build in where an armoured doors. I think that for serious crimes such as murder, should be given sentence in prison till death penalty. All things considered, crime is very big problem existing all over the world. We must beware criminals. Nobody will protect you, unless yourself. Similar essay: Snatch Theft Essay

Breathe Tim Winton Essay

Let me begin with a caveat. My argument is based on the evidence of fiction, on a discussion Tim Winton’s most recent novel, Breath. Social scientists may suspect this kind of evidence and see ‘fact’ as more trustworthy than ‘fiction’. But even though it is true that the evidence I will be presenting is not based on people and situations in ‘real life’ — whatever that may be — I would suggest that fiction may take us to the sources of social awareness and action, to the extent that, as Levinas1 suggests that awareness and action may originate in ‘gropings to which one does not even know how to give a verbal form†¦initial shocks [which] become questions and problems’ and thus takes us into the dimension of ‘the archaic, the oneiric, the nocturnal’2 which (as Levinas goes on to argue) has ‘ontological reference’ because in it we are able to live ‘the true life which is absentâ €™, a life, moreover, which is not necessarily ‘utopian’ though it refuses ‘the normative idealism of what â€Å"must be’†. I want to argue that Tim Winton’s recent novel, Breath,3 provides this kind of understanding and that it is one which may be particularly useful in our reflections on the relationship between family, society and the sacred — at least if we take Levinas’ further point that ‘the social does not reduce to the sum of individual psychologies’ but represents ‘the very order of the spiritual, a new plot in being above the human and the animal’.4 First of all, then, let us look at the society in which the novel is situated, a small mill town not far from the ocean in south Western Australia. For the two adolescents, ‘Pikelet’ and ‘Loonie’, the central characters, it is a place of sheer boredom, what Levinas calls ‘the there is’, an impersonal emptiness which is ‘neither nothingness nor being’5 but may well be the state which Lyotard calls ‘post-modern’, a state of ‘incredulit y towards meta-narratives’6 in which there is nothing beyond the self which longs for immediate and intense experience. For Pikelet and Loonie, however, this longing leads to an encounter with the sacred, some mysterium tremendum et facinans at the heart of existence, as Rudolph Otto famously defined it. For the two boys this encounter begins not at the centre but at the edges of social experience, in ‘a rebellion against the monotony of taking breath’(p. 41), a gamble with death in which, diving into the local swimming hole, they stay underwater holding as long as possible and then surfacing to delight in the alarm they have provoked, the watching them, the tourists from the city especially. As time goes on, the boys’ contempt not only for ordinary folk but also for the town they live in as they come realise ‘how small and static and insignificant [it] really was’(p. 36), a prison from which escape is impossible, a form of fate, inhabited by the kind of people A D Hope described in his poem, ‘Australia’, Whose boast is not: ‘we live’ but ‘we survive, A type who will inhabit the dying earth.7 Loonie’s family has fallen apart: his mother has walked out on his father, the local publican, who consoled himself with other women. So he is more or less free to do as he likes. But for Pikelet finds it is more difficult to break out. His parents, affectionate but ineffectual, English migrants and thus outsiders, are different from the rough and ready locals, fearful not only of the surrounding bush but also of the nearby ocean — having seen a fisherman swept off the rocks by a huge wave and smashed against the cliffs, his father

The Role Ronald Reagan Had in ending the Cold War Essay

The purpose of this investigation is to determine the role Ronald Reagan had in ending the Cold War. This topic is important because now that it is becoming accepted that Reagan had a goal in mind of ending communism when he became president, it is time to determine the way he accomplished the task of ending the Cold War. The research will focus primarily on deciding whether or not it was through exploiting Soviet vulnerabilities, negotiations, or a military build-up. In answering the inquiry question, the main sources that will be used will be a book and National Security Decision Directive 75 (NSDD 75). The book, a biography of Reagan written by Paul Kengor, titled The Crusader: Ronald Reagan and the Fall of Communism, views Reagan’s†¦show more content†¦Ã¯â€š § In January 1981 during a meeting with the National Security Planning Group, CIA director Bill Casey shared his opinions of how the US should take down the USSR and â€Å"Reagan agreed with Casey that the administration should launch a concerted effort to play on Soviet vulnerabilities† and started creating a plan on how to do just that (The Crusader). ï‚ § Reagan wanted to show the world all the Soviet Union’s vulnerabilities that could be used to take it down. Using their vulnerabilities to our advantage by doing actions such as â€Å"covert financial and intelligence support to the Solidarity union in Poland and other opposition groups within the Soviet empire; financial and military support to the Afghan resistance; cooperative efforts with Saudi Arabia to drive down the price of oil, and limiting Soviet natural gas exports to the West, thereby reducing Soviet hard currency earnings; a campaign to limit Soviet access to Western high technology; a technological disinformation effort to help disrupt the Soviet economy; a massive U.S. defense buildup, including the SDI program, to put more pressure on Soviet economic resources; and financial, military and logistical support for anti-communist forces in several Third World countries† (Reagan and End of the Cold War). ï‚ § â€Å"There are a number of important weaknesses and vulnerabilities within the Soviet empire which the U.S. should exploit. 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